一、ArrayList引发的思考
- 优点:查询快
- 缺点
1、增删慢,消耗cpu的性能
情况一、指定索引上的添加
情况二、如果原数组中的元素已经不够了
2、比较浪费内存空间
- 有没有一种数据结构可以用多少个空间就申请多少个空间,并且又能够提高他的增删速度呢?
二、链表
链表的分类:单链表,双链表,循环链表
- 链表:由链将一个个元素连接,每一个元素我们通常将其称之为Node 节点
- Node 节点:由两部分组成
- 数据值的变量
- Node next 用来存放下一个节点的Node 对象
public class TestLinkedList { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList(); //双向链表 linkedList.add(11); linkedList.add(22); linkedList.add(33); System.out.println(linkedList); } }
- 链表和数组的区别
- 链表查询慢(因为链表没有索引),但是增删快,
三、自定义单向链表
设计接口
目的:为了体系的完整,以及代码的复用,设计出以下结构
需要实现的方法
public int size(); public boolean isEmpty(); public boolean contains(E element); public void add(E element); public E get(int index); public E set(int index,E element); public void add(int index, E element); public E remove(int index); public int indexOf(E element); public void clear(); public String toStrin();
3.1 List 接口
包含共性的方法
public interface List<E>{ int size() boolean isEmpty() boolean contains(E element) void add(E element) E get(int index) E set(int index,E element) void add(int index, E element) E remove(int index) int indexOf(E element) void clear() }
3.2 AbstractList 抽象类
实现共性的方法,实现List
public abstract class AbstractList implements List<E>{ int size; int size(){ } boolean isEmpty(){ } boolean contains(E element){ } // add方法都会调用 add(int index,E element) void add(E element) { } } public class LinkedList <E> extends AbstractList<E> { //... 重写其他方法 }
将ArrayList 和 LinkedList 都 继承AbstractList
3.3 实现
AbstractList
public abstract class AbstractList<E> implements List<E>{ protected int size = 0; @Override public int size() { return size; } @Override public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } @Override public boolean contains(E element) { return indexOf(element) != -1; } @Override public void add(E element) { add(size,element); } }
LinkedList 实现
顺序:
- 定义结构
- get -> node
- indexOf(E element)
- set(int index, E element)
- clear()
- add
- remove
- toString
public class LinekdList<E> extends AbstractList<E> { public Node<E> first; private static class Node<E> { Node<E> next; Node<E> pre; E element; public Node(Node<E> next, E element, Node<E> pre) { this.next = next; this.element = element; this.pre = pre; } } private Node<E> node(int index) { Node x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { x = x.next; } return x; } @Override public E get(int index) { return node(index).element; } @Override public int indexOf(E element) { Node x = first; int index = 0; if (element == null) { for (Node i = first; i != null; i = i.next) { if (element == i.element) { return index; } index++; } } else { for (Node i = first; i != null; i = i.next) { if (element.equals(i.element)) { return index; } index++; } } return -1; } @Override public E set(int index, E element) { Node<E> node = node(index); // 记录原来的老值 E oldElement = node.element; // 將传入的值进行覆盖 node.element = element; return oldElement; } @Override public void clear() { size = 0; first = null; } @Override public void add(int index, E element) { checkPostionIndex(index); if (index == 0) { first = new Node(first, element); } else { Node<E> pre = node(index - 1); Node next = pre.next; pre.next = new Node(next, element); } } @Override public E remove(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); Node<E> node = first; if (index == 0) { first = node.next; } else { Node<E> pre = node(index - 1); node = pre.next; pre.next = node.next; } } public String toString() { if (size == 0) { return "[]"; } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("["); for (Node i = first; i != null; i = i.next) { sb.append(i.element); if (i.next == null) { return sb.append("]").toString(); } sb.append(",").toString(); } return sb.toString(); } private void checkElementIndex(int index) { if (!isElementIndex(index)) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + ", Size: " + size); } } private boolean isElementIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index < size; } private void checkPostionIndex(int index) { if (!isPositionIndex(index)) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + ", Size: " + size); } } private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index <= size; } }
四、将单链表改造成双向链表
4.1 双向链表
可以从前指向后,也可以从后去指向前
LinkedList 内部 size first last
以及Node
E element
Node next
Node pre
双向链表遍历效率可能优于单向链表
原因:双向链表可以在查找元素时,判断靠近头还是靠近尾,如果靠近头从头开始找,如果靠近尾从尾开始找
4.2 双向链表的实现
- add方法
public void add(int index, E element) { checkPostionIndex(index); // 0 index >= 0 if(index == size){ // 1. 添加到末尾 || 2.没有元素的时候 linkLast(element); }else{ linkBefore(element,node(index)); } size++; private void linkLast(E element) { Node l = last; Node newNode = new Node(l,null,element); last = newNode; if( l == null){ first = newNode; }else{ l.next = newNode; } } private void linkBefore(E element,Node node) { Node<E> pre = node.pre; // null Node<E> newNode = new Node(pre,node,element); node.pre = newNode; if(pre == null){ first = newNode; }else{ pre.next =newNode; } }
- 删除方法
public E remove(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); Node<E> node = node(index); Node<E> pre = node.pre; Node<E> next = node.next; if(pre == null){ // 1. first 进行修改 first = next; // 2. next.pre = null; }else{ pre.next = next; } if(next == null){ last = pre; }else{ next.pre = pre; } size -- ; return node.element; }
- clear
public void clear() { size = 0; first = null; last = null; }
五、LinkedList 源码
- 并发修改异常
private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> { private Node<E> lastReturned; private Node<E> next; private int nextIndex; private int expectedModCount = modCount; ListItr(int index) { //初始化时index == 0 ,此时返回的是对应的0 号节点 next = (index == size) ? null : node(index); // nextIndex = 0 ,代表下一次要去遍历的角标 nextIndex = index; } public boolean hasNext() // 判断是否需要去取下一个元素 return nextIndex < size; } public E next() { checkForComodification(); if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); // 将0号节点的数据赋值给lastReturned lastReturned = next; // 取下一个节点元素 next = next.next; // 记录这次操作 nextIndex++; return lastReturned.item; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return nextIndex > 0; }
- 测试并发修改异常
public class TestLinkedList { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList(); linkedList.add(1); linkedList.add(2); linkedList.add(3); //nextIndex : 0 next 第一号节点元素 //lastReturned 记录返回值的对象 // private int expectedModCount = modCount; 将记录链表长度发生变化次数的记录值赋值给 期望值 -> 程序在初始化的时候,那么他们一定是相等的 //Iterator iterator = linkedList.iterator(); ListIterator iterator = linkedList.listIterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ //hashNext 遍历链表长度的次数 iterator.add(10); System.out.println(iterator.next()); } // System.out.println(linkedList); } }
六、 多线程LinkedList 不安全情况
public class LInkedListThread { public static void main(String[] args) { /* LinkedList<String> linkedList = new LinkedList(); Collection ts = Collections.synchronizedCollection(linkedList);*/ ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue(); // cas 无锁化机制 volatile 关键字来解决的 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { concurrentLinkedQueue.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,10)); System.out.println(concurrentLinkedQueue); } }).start(); } } }